In the field of trauma and reconstructive musculoskeletal surgery, the treatment of fractures, bone defects, diabetic foot conditions, and osteomyelitis is currently based on the combined use of osteosynthesis systems and bone substitutes. Osteosynthesis systems, including plates, screws, intramedullary nails, and other internal fixation devices, are designed to restore the anatomical alignment of bone, provide adequate mechanical stability, and promote fracture healing while enabling early patient mobilization.
In recent years, synthetic and alloplastic bone substitutes, belonging to the class of biomaterials, have assumed an increasingly important role. Their primary purpose is to support bone regeneration by filling bone defects and promoting the physiological healing process. Among the most widely used materials are bioactive ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates, whose composition closely resembles the mineral phase of natural bone.
The integration of osteosynthesis systems with bone substitutes has become an established approach in modern orthopedic surgery, enabling the effective management of complex clinical cases characterized by mechanical instability, bone loss, or infection.